Penguin Books Ltd, Harmondsworth, Middlesex
U.S.A.: Penguin Books Inc, 3300 Clipper Mill Road, Baltimore 11, Md
Australia: Penguin Books Pty Ltd, 762 Whitehorse Road,
Mitcham, Victoria
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First published 1962
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Copyright © Carlo M. Cipolla, 1962
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Made and printed in Great Britain
by Hazell Watson & Viney Ltd
Aylesbury and Slough
Set in Linotype Times Roman
This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise disposed of without the publisher’s consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published